abstract：:Accumulating data indicate that modifications in diet may reduce the risk of cancer by as much as one third and possibly by as much as two thirds. On the basis of the existing evidence, however, it is not possible to be certain which cancers are causally related to diet and what proportion of them are due to specific ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Austoker J

更新日期：1994-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of enteroviruses with motor neurone disease, also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. DESIGN:Analysis by enterovirus polymerase chain reaction of wax embedded material from spinal cords taken at necropsy from subjects with motor neurone disease and from age and sex matched ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Woodall CJ,Riding MH,Graham DI,Clements GB

更新日期：1994-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the performance and impact of a two tier neonatal screening programme for cystic fibrosis based on an initial estimation of immunoreactive trypsinogen followed by direct gene analysis. DESIGN:Four year prospective study of two tier screening strategy. First tier: immunoreactive trypsinogen measured...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ranieri E,Lewis BD,Gerace RL,Ryall RG,Morris CP,Nelson PV,Carey WF,Robertson EF

更新日期：1994-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of screening for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia on the incidence of and mortality from invasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix in north east Scotland and to discover why cases of invasive cancer still occur. DESIGN:(a) Analysis of data on cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasi...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Macgregor JE,Campbell MK,Mann EM,Swanson KY

更新日期：1994-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate integrated care for diabetes in clinical, psychosocial, and economic terms. DESIGN:Pragmatic randomised trial. SETTING:Hospital diabetic clinic and three general practice groups in Grampian. PATIENTS:274 adult diabetic patients attending a hospital clinic and registered with one of three gener...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1994-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The Health of the Nation white paper set a target for 15% reduction in overall suicide rates by the year 2000. If the targets are to be achieved interventions must be identified which are of proved effectiveness. This paper examines the evidence on the available interventions and points of access to the population at ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Gunnell D,Frankel S

更新日期：1994-05-07 00:00:00

abstract：:In most European countries health has been shown to be linked to social circumstances--gradients in health status have persisted for decades, despite major changes in the principal causes of death. In central and eastern Europe life expectancy has stagnated since the mid-60s, whereas in the West it has increased; but ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Power C

更新日期：1994-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence of diabetes in relation to birth weight in Pima Indians. DESIGN:Follow up study of infants born during 1940-72 who had undergone a glucose tolerance test at ages 20-39 years. SETTING:Gila River Indian community, Arizona. SUBJECTS:1179 American Indians. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Prev...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： McCance DR,Pettitt DJ,Hanson RL,Jacobsson LT,Knowler WC,Bennett PH

更新日期：1994-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To measure the prevalence of breast feeding and to examine the value of using information collected on Guthrie cards (used for detecting inherited metabolic disease and hypothyroidism when newborn infants are 7 days old) to calculate this prevalence. DESIGN:Analysis, by geographical area and maternity unit, ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Ferguson AE,Tappin DM,Girdwood RW,Kennedy R,Cockburn F

更新日期：1994-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the predictors of long term outcome for patients with the chronic fatigue syndrome. DESIGN:Cohort study. SUBJECTS:139 subjects previously enrolled in two treatment trials; 103 (74%) were reassessed a mean of 3.2 years after start of the trials. SETTING:University hospital referral centre. MAIN ...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wilson A,Hickie I,Lloyd A,Hadzi-Pavlovic D,Boughton C,Dwyer J,Wakefield D

更新日期：1994-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse the relation between treated blood pressure and concomitant risk factor and morbidity from acute myocardial infarction. DESIGN:Prospective longitudinal study. Treated blood pressures and other variables were used to predict acute myocardial infarction. SETTING:Primary health care in Skaraborg, Sw...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lindblad U,Råstam L,Rydén L,Ranstam J,Isacsson SO,Berglund G

更新日期：1994-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of hyperglycaemia with two standard oral rehydration solutions that contain carbohydrate compared with a carbohydrate free solution during rehydration of diabetic patients with acute diarrhoea. DESIGN:Prospective randomised allocation to one of three oral rehydration solutions (World Healt...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Haider R,Azad Khan AK,Roy SK,Dewan N,Alam AN,Mahalanabis D

更新日期：1994-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess whether mini flow meters used to measure peak expiratory flow can track changes in lung function and indicate clinically important changes. DESIGN:Comparison of measurements with a spirometer and different brands of mini flow meter; the meters were allocated to subjects haphazardly. SUBJECTS:12 bo...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Sly PD,Cahill P,Willet K,Burton P

更新日期：1994-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of withdrawing diuretic drugs on oedema in patients prescribed them for only ankle oedema, excluding patients with cardiac, hepatic, or renal failure. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:15 general practices in the Netherlands. PATIENTS:1202 patients aged 65 years or older a...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： de Jonge JW,Knottnerus JA,van Zutphen WM,de Bruijne GA,Struijker Boudier HA

更新日期：1994-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:There is currently much debate about how to improve undergraduate medical education, and in particular on how best to prepare students for clinical responsibility. For 20 years a period of trainee internship has formed part of New Zealand medical students' undergraduate training, and the model could have much to offer...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Allen PI,Colls BM

更新日期：1994-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the effectiveness of health checks by nurses in reducing risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients from general practice. DESIGN:Randomised controlled trial. SETTING:Five urban general practices in Bedfordshire. SUBJECTS:2136 patients receiving an initial health check in 1989-91 and sch...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1994-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to determine whether the loss in bone density seen in users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is reversible, a comparative study was undertaken in three groups of women. Group 1 consisted of 14 women who had used the contraceptive for at least 3 years and then discontinued use. Group 2 was 22 longterm us...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Cundy T,Cornish J,Evans MC,Roberts H,Reid IR

更新日期：1994-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether the link suggested between growth in utero and during infancy and death from cardiovascular disease in men is also present in women. DESIGN:Follow up study of women and men whose birth weight and weight at 1 year of age had been recorded. SETTING:Hertfordshire, England. SUBJECTS:5585 w...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Osmond C,Barker DJ,Winter PD,Fall CH,Simmonds SJ

更新日期：1993-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine general practitioners' responses to and explanations for variation in rates of referral to hospital and how feedback of data on rates of referral could be used to facilitate practices in auditing their own referral behaviour. DESIGN:Visits by audit facilitators to general practices after feedba...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： de Marco P,Dain C,Lockwood T,Roland M

更新日期：1993-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine association of different measures of serum lipid concentration and obesity with mortality in women. DESIGN:Prospective observational study initiated in 1968-9, follow up examination after 12 years, and follow up study based on death certificates after 20 years. SETTING:Gothenburg, Sweden. SUBJEC...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Bengtsson C,Björkelund C,Lapidus L,Lissner L

更新日期：1993-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Research in general practice is becoming increasingly popular, and most general practitioners will sooner or later have to decide whether to become involved with clinical trials sponsored by drug companies. This paper outlines the advantages and disadvantages of multicentre research--based on experience of running a r...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Waldron HA,Cookson RF

更新日期：1993-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To investigate use of commodes and attitudes of users and carers to them. DESIGN:Interview with semi-structured questionnaire of subjects supplied with commodes from Leeds community appliance centre. SUBJECTS:140 users of a commode and 105 of their carers. RESULTS:Main reasons for being supplied with a co...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Naylor JR,Mulley GP

更新日期：1993-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine long term outcome in children who had a severe acute neurological illness in early childhood associated with pertussis immunisation. DESIGN:Follow up study of cases and matched controls. SETTING:Assessment of children at home and at school throughout Britain. SUBJECTS:Children recruited into t...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Miller D,Madge N,Diamond J,Wadsworth J,Ross E

更新日期：1993-11-06 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Confirmation of breakthroughs in three different malaria chemoprophylactic regimens (chloroquine 300 mg weekly and proguanil 100 mg daily; chloroquine 300 mg weekly and proguanil 200 mg daily; proguanil 200 mg daily) and assessment of compliance. DESIGN:Prospective, randomised multicentre trial. SETTING:Fi...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Wetsteyn JC,de Geus A

更新日期：1993-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To compile a register of diabetic patients within the catchment area of a district general hospital and evaluate the characteristics of the population using aggregated data from a general practice audit. DESIGN:Cross sectional study. Practices identified all known diabetics and completed a questionnaire fro...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Howitt AJ,Cheales NA

更新日期：1993-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To study the role of respiratory viruses in exacerbations of asthma in adults. DESIGN:Longitudinal study of 138 adults with asthma. SETTING:Leicestershire Health Authority. SUBJECTS:48 men and 90 women 19-46 years of age with a mean duration of wheeze of 19.6 years. 75% received regular treatment with bron...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Nicholson KG,Kent J,Ireland DC

更新日期：1993-10-16 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether residence before and after birth near 50 Hz high voltage installations increases a child's risk of cancer and whether risk correlates with the strength of the magnetic field. DESIGN:A population based case-control study. SETTING:Denmark. SUBJECTS:1707 children under the age of 15 wit...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Olsen JH,Nielsen A,Schulgen G

更新日期：1993-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of the gene for cystic fibrosis has led to the possibility of population based screening for carriers of cystic fibrosis to identify couples at risk of having an affected child. Pilot studies have shown that screening is feasible and does not cause untoward anxiety, though the uptake of testing vari...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Modell M

更新日期：1993-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the relation between pretraumatic and trauma related headache in patients suffering from whiplash. DESIGN:Follow up study of patients examined a mean (SD) of 7.4 (4.2) days after trauma and again at three and six months. SETTING:Patients referred from primary care. SUBJECTS:117 patients (mean age...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Radanov BP,Sturzenegger M,Di Stefano G,Schnidrig A,Aljinovic M

更新日期：1993-09-11 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To examine the concerns of singlehanded general practitioners working in an inner London area and to compare the views of general practitioners in partnerships. DESIGN:Qualitative analysis of semistructured interviews with a random sample of singlehanded general practitioners and a sample of general practit...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Green JM

更新日期：1993-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of spinal cord stimulation on myocardial ischaemia, coronary blood flow, and myocardial oxygen consumption in angina pectoris induced by atrial pacing. DESIGN:The heart was paced to angina during a control phase and treatment with spinal cord stimulation. Blood samples were drawn f...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Mannheimer C,Eliasson T,Andersson B,Bergh CH,Augustinsson LE,Emanuelsson H,Waagstein F

更新日期：1993-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:According to a London physician, women with epilepsy taking antiepileptic drugs can take combined oral contraceptives (OCs). It is usual to recommend a combined OC preparation containing at least 50 mcg of estrogen (Ovran) from patients taking enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs; this can be increased to 60 mcg by ta...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： O'Brien MD,Gilmour-White S

更新日期：1993-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether breast feeding is related to subsequent risk of breast cancer. DESIGN:Population based case-control study designed primarily to investigate the relation between oral contraceptives and risk of breast cancer; data obtained from questionnaires administered by interviewers, general practi...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors：

更新日期：1993-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To determine the accuracy of diagnoses of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis entered by general practitioners on a computer system. To compare recording of clinical events on computer with written records. DESIGN:Examination of case notes of all patients with a computer diagnosis of psychosis. Search...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Nazareth I,King M,Haines A,Rangel L,Myers S

更新日期：1993-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To describe mortality by suicide and other causes of death in a group of patients who attempted suicide, and to identify predictive factors. DESIGN:10 year follow up study based on records of suicide attempters in 1980. SETTING:Poisoning treatment centre at a general hospital. SUBJECTS:974 patients aged 15...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Nordentoft M,Breum L,Munck LK,Nordestgaard AG,Hunding A,Laursen Bjaeldager PA

更新日期：1993-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine whether tobacco smoking causes increased DNA modification (adducts) in human cervical epithelium. DESIGN:Comparison of DNA adducts measured by the technique of postlabelling with phosphorus-32 in normal ectocervical epithelium of smokers and non-smokers. A questionnaire on smoking habit and a ur...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Simons AM,Phillips DH,Coleman DV

更新日期：1993-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the short form 36 (SF 36) health survey questionnaire (a shortened version of a battery of 149 health status questions) as a measure of patient outcome in a broad sample of patients suffering from four common clinical conditions. DESIGN:Postal questio...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Garratt AM,Ruta DA,Abdalla MI,Buckingham JK,Russell IT

更新日期：1993-05-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The right of consultants to study leave and expenses is not binding on trusts and has been eroded in directly managed units. Complaints led to a survey of consultants in North West Thames region. This showed that most consultants use their own time and money to maintain their knowledge by buying and consulting journal...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Kerr DN,Jones SA,Easmon CS

更新日期：1993-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the risk of cerebral thromboembolism in women using low dose oral contraceptives. DESIGN:A retrospective case-control study. SETTING:All Danish medical, neurological, neurosurgical, and gynaecological departments. SUBJECTS:All 794 women in Denmark aged 15-44 who had suffered a cerebral thromboemb...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Lidegaard O

更新日期：1993-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine whether there are too many hospital beds in London. DESIGN:Analysis of data from the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry, Mental Health Enquiry, health service indicators, and Emergency Bed Service. SETTING:England, London, and inner London. RESULTS:Hospital admission rates for acute plus geriatric serv...

journal_title：BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

authors： Jarman B

更新日期：1993-04-10 00:00:00